Which of the following is a common pest that affects honey bees?

Varroa mites are indeed a common pest that affects honey bees and are recognized as one of the most significant threats to honey bee populations globally. These small parasitic mites attach themselves to bees and feed on their bodily fluids, weakening the bees. This feeding can transmit viruses and lead to diseases that severely impact the health of bee colonies. The presence of Varroa mites can cause decreased honey production, increased mortality rates among adult bees, and can also adversely affect the development of bee larvae.

In contrast, the other options listed do not pose significant threats to honey bee health. Honey ants, while they do interact with the ecosystem, do not directly affect honey bees. Termites primarily target wood structures and are not a threat to bees. Ladybugs are beneficial insects that help control aphid populations and do not harm honey bees. Thus, understanding the impact of Varroa mites is essential for beekeepers to maintain healthy colonies.