Bees will fill spaces smaller than the bee space (1/4'') with what?

Bees will fill spaces that are smaller than the bee space, which is around 1/4 inch, with propolis. Propolis is a resinous mixture that bees collect from tree buds and other botanical sources. They use it to seal gaps and small spaces within the hive, effectively preventing drafts, rain, and protecting against pathogens and parasites.

This behavior is essential for maintaining the hive's health and structural integrity. Propolis serves as a natural barrier and can also have antimicrobial properties, helping to reduce disease within the colony.

In contrast, honey is stored in larger spaces that meet or exceed the bee space, while pollen is used for food and is stored in designated cells. Wax is used primarily for building honeycomb and creating the structure of the hive but does not fill small spaces like propolis does.